Market closedLast updated 14 JUL 2026, 16:08 ISTData NSENot investment advice
Bharat Heavy Electricals

Bharat Heavy Electricals Share Price Today (BHEL)

TechnicalsTV Chart
403.90
5.20−1.27%
Overall Score51/100
Today's 401
₹403.90
409
52-Week 205
₹403.90
425
Open408.15
Prev Close409.10
Bid403.885.0K
Ask403.923.1K

TODAY IN ONE LINE

Closed at ₹403.9 (−1.27%); delivery 36.1%. Market opens 9:15 IST. · as of 16:08 IST

With a market cap of ₹1.4 L Cr., it trades at a P/E of 88.86. Track live valuations, technical indicators, and peers comparison below. Check delivery conviction and recent filings to build your view.

Volume12.5M15%vs 20D avg
Market Cap₹1.4 L Cr.
Promoter Hold.58.17%
Face Value₹2
Fwd P/E31.77
PEG2.59
EV/EBITDA37.88
P/S3.93
ROA1.76%
Beta1.62
Div Payout10.85%
THE STOCK SCORE

How good is this company?

Overall performance across 5 key dimensions.

Overall Score51/100
Updated 13 Jul
Each card tappable → shows formula + inputs
FLAGS

Bharat Heavy Electricals flags 

Key strengths and potential risks.

🚩 3 red flags5 green flags

Green Flags

  • Earnings GrowthEPS (TTM) grew by a solid 156.4% YoY
  • Quarterly OutperformanceLatest quarter Sales up 36.9% and Profit up 156.0%
  • High Promoter HoldingPromoters hold 58.2% skin-in-the-game
  • Virtually Debt-FreeVery low Debt-to-Equity of 0.00x
  • Zero Pledge RiskNo recent active promoter pledging found

Red Flags

  • Poor Capital ReturnsLow ROE of 6.3%
  • Expensive ValuationTrading at a high P/E ratio of 90.1x
  • Rising Receivables vs SalesReceivables grew 19.2% outpacing sales growth of 18.6%
THE CHANGELOG

What changed recently?

Recent events, corporate actions, and announcements.

11 JUL 2026
corporate
Copy of Newspaper Publication - Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited has informed the Exchange about Copy of Newspaper Publication
View PDF
10 JUL 2026
corporate
Updates - Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited has informed the Exchange regarding 'Business Responsibility & Sust...
View PDF
10 JUL 2026
corporate
Certificate under SEBI (Depositories and Participants) Regulations, 2018 - Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited has informed the Exchange about Certificate under SEBI (Depositorie...
View PDF
10 JUL 2026
corporate
Shareholders meeting - Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited has informed the Exchange regarding Notice of Annual General Meetin...
View PDF
09 JUL 2026
corporate
Copy of Newspaper Publication - Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited has informed the Exchange about Copy of Newspaper Publication
View PDF
07 JUL 2026
corporate
Agreements - Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited has informed the Exchange about Agreements
View PDF
🔒Prime: full history + alerts on this stock
Valuation

Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited valuation: P/E, P/B and sector benchmarks.

Twelve years of multiples investors have paid for Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited, framed against the sector median so the premium or discount is obvious at a glance.

Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited trades at a P/E of 88.86× and P/B of 5.44×.

Key MetricsLive · as of 14 Jul 2026
Valuation

Valuation

Market Cap
₹1.4 L Cr.
P/E Ratio
Watch
Above quality threshold of 40
88.86
P/B Ratio
Watch
Above quality threshold of 5
5.44
EPS
₹4.61
Profitability

Profitability

ROE
Watch
Below quality threshold of 10%
6.29%
ROCE
Watch
Below quality threshold of 10%
8.51%
Net Margin
Watch
Below quality threshold of 5%
4.91%
Op Margin
Watch
Below quality threshold of 10%
6.93%
Growth

Growth

EPS YoY
Good
Better than threshold of 15%
156.4%
Revenue YoY
Good
Better than threshold of 10%
36.9%
Qtr Sales
Good
Better than threshold of 10%
36.9%
Qtr Profit
Good
Better than threshold of 10%
156%
Financial Health

Financial Health

Debt / Equity
Good
Better than threshold of 1
0
Book Value
₹75.17
Div Yield
Neutral
Near threshold of 2%
0.13%
Promoter Holding
Good
Better than threshold of 50%
58.17%
Technicals

Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited technical analysis: indicators, pivots and CPR.

Live RSI, MACD and moving-average signals plus today's pivot and Central Pivot Range levels for Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited — derived from the live tape, not yesterday's close.

Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited last traded at ₹403.9 with an intraday range of ₹401–₹409 — live indicator, pivot and CPR signals below.

Last updated: 16:08:00 IST

Pivot points

Standard pivot — most widely referenced.

Pivot levels · Classic

Live: ₹403.90
LevelPrice (₹)Distance% Δ
R4424.27+20.37+5.04%
R3416.27+12.37+3.06%
R2412.63+8.73+2.16%
R1408.27+4.37+1.08%
PIVOT404.630.730.18%
CURRENT403.90
S1400.27-3.63-0.90%
S2396.63-7.27-1.80%
S3392.27-11.63-2.88%
S4384.27-19.63-4.86%
CPR Levels
Support
Resistance
S4
S3
S2
S1
| CPR |
BC: 404.27P: 404.63TC: 405.00
R1
R2
R3
R4
indicator
LTP: 403.90
PDH: 412.00
PDL: 389.60
● Market Sentiment

BHEL is trading Below CPR, indicating Bearishness

● CPR Width

CPR is Average

● Opening Range

Day's range: 402.95409

● Price Position

Trading Inside opening range

Financials

Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited financials: P&L, balance sheet, cash flow, ratios.

Twelve years of audited numbers for Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited, switchable between annual and quarterly views, consolidated or standalone.

Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited reports its full P&L, balance sheet, cash flow and ratios on this page — current market capitalisation of ₹1.4 L Cr. and reported EPS of ₹4.61.

Period20182019201920202021202220222023202420252026
Revenue from Operations
29,075
30,349
16,440
21,490
17,309
21,211
9,875
23,365
23,893
28,339
33,782
Other Income
678
678
421
564
348
355
286
489
546
465
808
Total Income
29,753
31,027
16,861
22,054
17,657
21,566
10,161
23,854
24,439
28,805
34,590
Cost of Goods Sold (COGS)
16,154
17,764
10,119
13,713
11,582
14,522
6,763
15,897
16,807
18,845
22,983
Gross Profit
12,922
12,585
6,321
7,777
5,727
6,689
3,111
7,468
7,086
9,494
10,799
+Operating Expenses
10,952
10,443
5,999
8,014
8,868
5,953
3,525
6,752
6,473
8,253
8,457
EBITDA
1,970
2,142
322
-237
-3,141
736
-414
717
613
1,242
2,342
+Non-Operating Expenses
1,042
762
716
1,012
847
670
346
782
980
1,020
1,072
Profit Before Tax (PBT)
1,606
2,058
27
-685
-3,640
420
-474
423
179
687
2,078
+Tax Expense
777
842
-14
809
-896
26
-274
2
-40
212
538
Total Profit for Period
438
1,215
64
-1,468
-2,700
445
-176
477
282
534
1,600
Less: Non-controlling Interests
-3
-1
Net Profit (Owner's PAT)
441
1,215
64
-1,468
-2,700
446
-176
477
282
534
1,600
Earnings Per Share (EPS)
1.20
3.49
0.18
-4.22
-7.75
1.28
-0.51
1.37
0.81
1.53
4.60
Diluted Shares Outstanding (Nos.)
367
348
348
348
348
348
348
348
348
348
348
+Additional Disclosures
43,991
46,614
26,872
36,204
32,943
35,794
17,502
39,366
41,049
46,859
55,556
Sales Growth %
4.38
-45.83
30.72
-19.46
22.55
-53.45
136.62
2.26
18.61
19.21
YoY Sales Growth %
4.38
-29.19
-19.46
22.55
10.15
2.26
18.61
19.21
Material Cost %
53
62
69
69
64
46
68
68
72
72
72
Employee Cost %
21
21
26
25
31
26
29
24
24
21
19
Other Cost %
17
14
10
12
20
2
7
4
4
8
6
OPM %
7
7
2
-1
-18
3
-4
3
3
4
7
Tax %
48
41
-53
-118
25
6
58
0
-22
31
26
Profit Growth %
175.50
-220.81
-83.86
116.52
7.03
-40.88
89.18
199.73
Gross Margin %
44.44
41.47
38.45
36.19
33.09
31.53
31.51
31.96
29.66
33.50
31.97
EBITDA Margin %
6.78
7.06
1.96
-1.10
-18.15
3.47
-4.19
3.07
2.56
4.38
6.93
Interest Coverage Ratio
4.64
5.81
-0.07
-1.46
-9.67
1.18
-2.44
0.87
0.50
1.30
2.68
Ebit
1,183
1,667
-27
-741
-3,615
421
-539
456
364
970
2,026
all values in ₹ Cr unless suffixed · source: company filings
Segment Analysis

Bharat Heavy Electricals segment analysis: revenue and profit mix.

Disclosed business segments at Bharat Heavy Electricals with their share of revenue and profit, switchable between consolidated and standalone reporting.

Bharat Heavy Electricals discloses revenue and profit across multiple business segments — toggle between consolidated and standalone views to see the mix.

Segment-wise Financial Analysis

Thesis

The Bull, Bear, and Flip case for Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited.

Our AI distills the core fundamental drivers supporting Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited, the risks that threaten it, and the exact valuation or growth triggers that should make you re-evaluate.

Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited's investment case rests on 10 positive markers and 10 flagged concerns drawn from the latest reported filings.

bull case

What you're getting.

  • ₹1.43 LCr market cap with 58.17% promoter holding signals strong insider commitment

  • Latest quarterly EPS grew 155.8% YoY; TTM EPS grew 156.4% YoY despite earnings volatility

  • Quarterly revenue up 36.9% YoY; Q2 FY2026 sales ₹12,310 Cr reflect strong order execution

  • Debt-to-equity 0.31x provides reasonable leverage cushion for capital-intensive operations

  • Operating cash flow ₹16.76 per share annually supports dividend sustainability

bear case

Key Risks.

  • P/E 90.07x and price-to-book 5.08x signal elevated valuation multiples relative to peers

  • ROE 6.29% and ROCE 8.51% significantly lag industry and peer benchmarks materially

  • Operating margin 6.93% quarterly and 6.00% TTM trail peer averages substantially

  • Dividend yield 0.13% offers minimal income return for equity investors seeking yield

  • Cash flow highly volatile. Q2 FY2026 FCF negative ₹14,117 Cr; Q1 FY2026 positive ₹2,966 Cr

flip conditions

Flip Conditions.

  • Trim if P/E re-rates above 116. The valuation cushion thins from there.

  • Reassess if quarterly profit growth turns negative for two consecutive quarters. The bull case relies on compounding earnings.

  • Exit if ROE slips below 8%. The operating engine is no longer compounding capital efficiently.

  • Income thesis breaks if the dividend is cut or yield falls below 0.07%.

Shareholding

Bharat Heavy Electricals shareholding pattern: promoters, FII, DII and public.

Quarter-on-quarter ownership shifts in Bharat Heavy Electricals — who is buying, who is exiting, and which institutions hold the largest positions.

Shareholding Pattern

AnnualMar 2026

FII7.23%0.94%
DII23.98%4.28%
Public10.62%0.22%
Promoters58.17%5.00%

Ownership Distribution

Foreign Institutions
7.23%
Domestic Institutions
23.98%
Retail & Public
10.62%
Promoters
58.17%

Category Trends

Foreign Institutions Breakdown
Total Holding: 7.23%
Net Change: +0.94%
Category Total7.23%
Total Holding7.23%
Net Change+0.94%
Not Fully Disclosed

⚠️Partial Disclosure Notice

Individual institutions below total 0.00%, but category aggregate is 7.23%. Some institutions may not be disclosed by the company as per regulatory requirements.

Institution Name
Trend (Last 6)
Holding %
QoQ Change
YoY ChangePeriod
AMUNDI FUNDS SBI FM INDIA EQUITY
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
Mar 2026
Lazard Emerging Markets Portfolio
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
Mar 2026
Fidelity Emerging Markets Fund
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
Mar 2026
MAGELLAN
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
Mar 2026
COMGEST GROWTH PLC - COMGEST GROWTH EMERGING MARKETS
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
Mar 2026
PINEBRIDGE INVESTMENTS GF MAURITIUS LIMITED
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
Mar 2026
PINEBRIDGE GLOBAL FUNDS- PINEBRIDGE INDIA EQUITY FUND
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
Mar 2026
Peers

Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited peer comparison — same-sector benchmarks.

Same-sector listed peers ranked on P/E, market cap, dividend yield and growth — Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited is highlighted for quick read-across.

Quick Compare

Largest by Market Cap
ABB India Limited
₹1.46 Lakh Cr
Best Profit Growth
GE Power India Limited
418.00 %
Highest Dividend Yield
ABB India Limited
1.07 %
09 · Chart Patterns

Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited chart patterns: breakouts, tops and bottoms.

Auto-detected classical chart patterns for Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited — Double Top/Bottom, Head & Shoulders, Triple Bottom and more — with break levels, targets and quality scores across Intraday, Daily and Weekly timeframes.

  1. 1Pick how to scan. Detection sets sensitivity — Daily (standard) → Weekly (big swings). History sets how far back to look.
  2. 2Read the summary. The tiles at the top give the current read: net bias, the strongest pattern, and the one nearest to triggering.
  3. 3Scan the list. Use the Actionable, Watchlist, and History tabs to browse patterns. Click a pattern card to focus it.
  4. 4Inspect on the chart. Focusing draws the pattern’s pivots plus its break (blue), target (amber) and invalidation lines.
  5. 5Filter to what matters. Use the status controls (Confirmed, Forming, Invalidated) to hide noise and find exactly what you are looking for.
Detection
History
Click a pattern card to draw the pattern shape on the candles — labeled pivots (Head, Shoulders, Bottoms), neckline, breakout point, projection and invalidation. Click again to clear.
0 patterns
Historical accuracy
0 of 0 confirmed patterns reached projection
Avg move when projection reached
measured from break level
Avg sessions to projection
after confirmation
Best pattern on BHEL
needs ≥3 completions

Pattern history — every completed pattern and its outcome

No completed patterns yet.
View full BHEL pattern history & scanner →
Delivery Conviction

Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited delivery volume — last 20 sessions of conviction.

Daily traded volume and delivery percentage for Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited over 20 sessions — the gap between intraday flipping and genuine accumulation.

Latest session delivery in Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited stood at 36.1% of traded volume, against a 20-day average of 44.8%.

Avg Delivery (20D)44.8%-8.7 ppt latest vs avg
Highest Delivery67.2%on 29 Jun
Avg Volume (20D)1.46 Cr20-day run-rate
Conviction Trend↑ Strengthening-8.7 ppt latest read
Volume & Delivery · last 20 sessions
Exchange Filings & Investor Updates

Bharat Heavy Electricals announcements: results, concalls, ratings, M&A.

Filings Bharat Heavy Electricals sent to the exchanges, sequenced as they hit the tape — concall transcripts, results, credit ratings and presentations.

Bharat Heavy Electricals files concall transcripts, results, credit ratings and corporate-action notices on the NSE and BSE exchange portals — latest 189 documents below.

  1. 11 Jul 2026Copy of Newspaper PublicationView PDF

    Copy of Newspaper Publication

    Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited has informed the Exchange about Copy of Newspaper Publication

  2. 10 Jul 2026UpdatesView PDF

    Updates

    Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited has informed the Exchange regarding 'Business Responsibility & Sustainability Report for FY 2025-26'.

  3. 10 Jul 2026Certificate under SEBI (Depositories and Participants) Regulations, 2018View PDF

    Certificate under SEBI (Depositories and Participants) Regulations, 2018

    Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited has informed the Exchange about Certificate under SEBI (Depositories and Participants) Regulations, 2018

  4. 10 Jul 2026Shareholders meetingView PDF

    Shareholders meeting

    Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited has informed the Exchange regarding Notice of Annual General Meeting to be held on August 05, 2026

  5. 09 Jul 2026Copy of Newspaper PublicationView PDF

    Copy of Newspaper Publication

    Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited has informed the Exchange about Copy of Newspaper Publication

Corporate Actions

Bharat Heavy Electricals dividend history, splits and bonus issues.

Every dividend, stock split and bonus issue Bharat Heavy Electricals has declared, sequenced by announce and record date.

Bharat Heavy Electricals corporate-action history below covers all declared dividends, stock splits and bonus issues recorded with NSE and BSE.

About the Company

About Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited: business, sector, key facts.

What Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited does, where it operates, the people running it, and the numbers that describe the entity behind the ticker.

Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited operates in the Heavy Electrical Equipment industry under the Capital Goods sector, listed as NSE: BHEL, BSE: 500103.

BHEL
Capital Goods

Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited

NSE · BHEL·BSE · 500103·www.bhel.com

Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL) is a major Indian engineering and manufacturing company with a global presence. Its core business revolves around the design, manufacture, and supply of equipment and systems across diverse sectors. Operating primarily through two segments – Power and Industry – BHEL caters to a wide range of clients in power generation, transmission, and various industrial applications.

In the Power segment, BHEL is a significant player in power plant construction, offering solutions for coal-based, gas-based, nuclear, and hydro power plants, as well as increasingly focusing on renewable energy sources like solar power systems. This segment also encompasses the manufacturing of crucial power transmission system components.

The Industry segment showcases BHEL's versatility. It provides a broad spectrum of industrial systems, including steam generators, turbines, pumps, compressors, and a wide array of related components. This extends to equipment for oil and gas, water treatment (including desalination plants), and even rail transportation. Furthermore, BHEL offers specialized solutions for the defense and aerospace sectors.

BHEL's product portfolio is extensive and encompasses a vast array of components and systems. From basic components like valves and piping to complex systems like steam turbines and turbo generators, the company demonstrates a high level of vertical integration. Its expertise also extends to advanced technologies like pressurized fluidized bed gasifiers, solar photovoltaics, and energy storage systems. Additionally, BHEL offers software solutions and electrical equipment, further demonstrating its diverse capabilities.

In summary, BHEL's business model is characterized by its broad scope and depth of expertise. The company's integrated approach, covering design, manufacturing, and project execution, allows it to serve diverse industrial sectors. Its ongoing expansion into renewable energy and other emerging technologies suggests a commitment to adapting to the evolving global energy landscape and maintaining its position as a significant player in India's industrial sector.

company facts
Employees
SectorCapital Goods
HeadquartersNew Delhi, India
Market Cap₹1.4 L Cr.
Listed OnNSE
leadership19 on record
Dr. Yogesh Chhabra
Compliance Officer, Company Secretary
Mr. Alok Ranjan
Chief Vigilance Officer
Mr. Koppu Sadashiv Murthy
Chairman & MD
Mr. Krishna Thakur
Whole Time (Functional) Director, Director of Human Resources
Mr. Parthasarathi Das
GM & Head of Mktg. & CC/ PSBG I
Mr. Rajesh Dwivedi
Chief Financial Officer, Whole Time (Functional) Director, Director (Finance)
Mr. Rajesh Kumar Dwivedi
CFO, Director of Finance & Whole-Time Director
Mr. Sumeet Salhotra
General Manager & Head of COC - New Delhi
Mr. Tajinder Gupta
Director of Power, Director of Human Resources & Whole-Time Director
Mr. Vijay Mittal
Part-time Official Director
Ms. Arti Bhatnagar
Part Time Official Director
Ms. Bani Varma
Whole Time (Functional) Director, Director (Industrial Systems and Products)
§ ∞ · Plainly Answered

Questions investors ask about Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL).

Quick answers grounded in this page's data — price action, fundamentals, ratios and ownership.

01What is the current share price of Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL)?

The current share price of Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL) is ₹403.9. Today, the stock has declined by ₹5.20 (1.27%), trading in a range of ₹401 to ₹409. The stock opened at ₹408.15 with a trading volume of 1,24,94,044 shares.

02Is Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited stock a good investment for long-term?

Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited can be considered for long-term investment based on several factors. The company has a market capitalization of ₹1,40,414.2 crores, P/E ratio of 88.86, ROE of 6.29%, and ROCE of 8.51%. The dividend yield stands at 0.13%. However, investment decisions should be based on your financial goals, risk appetite, and thorough research. It's recommended to consult with a SEBI-registered financial advisor before making investment decisions.

03What is the 52-week high and low price of Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited stock?

The 52-week high price of Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL) is ₹424.9, while the 52-week low is ₹205.12. Currently trading at ₹403.9, the stock is 90.4% away from its 52-week low and 4.9% below its 52-week high. These levels help investors understand the stock's price volatility and trading range over the past year.

04Should I buy Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited stock at the current price?

Whether to buy Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited stock at ₹403.9 depends on multiple factors. The stock is currently trading with a P/E ratio of 88.86 and P/B ratio of 5.44. Today's performance shows a loss of 1.27%. Consider analyzing the company's fundamentals, technical indicators, industry trends, and your investment horizon. Compare these metrics with industry peers and consult a financial advisor for personalized advice.

05What is the dividend yield of Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited and when is the next dividend?

Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited offers a dividend yield of 0.13%, which means for every ₹100 invested at the current price of ₹403.9, you can expect to receive approximately ₹0.13 annually as dividends. The face value of the stock is ₹2.00. For information about the next dividend announcement and ex-dividend date, please check the company's official announcements or visit the BSE/NSE websites.

06What are the key financial ratios and metrics of Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited?

Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited's key financial metrics include: P/E Ratio: 88.86, P/B Ratio: 5.44, ROE: 6.29%, ROCE: 8.51%, Dividend Yield: 0.13%, EPS: ₹4.61, Book Value: ₹75.17, and Debt-to-Equity: 0.00. The company's market cap stands at ₹1,40,414.2 crores. These metrics help evaluate the company's valuation, profitability, and financial health.

07How is Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited stock performing today in the market?

Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited stock opened at ₹408.15 and is currently trading at ₹403.9, showing a decline of ₹5.20 (1.27%). The intraday high is ₹409 and low is ₹401. The trading volume stands at 1,24,94,044 shares, indicating strong market participation today.

08What is the P/E ratio of Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited and what does it indicate?

Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited has a Price-to-Earnings (P/E) ratio of 88.86, which means investors are willing to pay ₹88.86 for every ₹1 of earnings. With an EPS of ₹4.61, this P/E ratio suggests the stock may be trading at a premium, possibly due to high growth expectations. Compare this with industry peers and historical P/E ratios for better context.

Disclaimer

The data, ratios and commentary about Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL) on this page are published for educational and informational purposes only and are not investment, legal or tax advice. StockeZee is not a SEBI-registered investment adviser, research analyst or portfolio manager, and no content here should be construed as a recommendation to buy, hold or sell any security. Live and historical market data may be delayed, revised by the exchanges, or contain errors; figures sourced from third-party feeds and corporate disclosures may not always be current. Past performance is not indicative of future results, and equity investments carry the risk of capital loss. Before acting on anything you read here, please consult a SEBI-registered financial advisor and read all scheme-related documents carefully.